Derivative-free optimisation techniques have emerged as indispensable tools in addressing complex problems where gradient information is either unavailable or unreliable. Such methods bypass the need ...

Researchers have successfully extended the quantum phase difference estimation algorithm, a general quantum algorithm for the direct calculations of energy gaps, to enable the direct calculation of ...

Optimization seeks to find the best. It could be to design a process that minimizes capital or maximizes material conversion, to choose operating conditions that maximize throughput or minimize waste, ...