It’s easy to treat optical encoders as “black boxes” that need minimal consideration before they are installed to translate rotary motion into position or velocity feedback signals for a motion ...

Encoders are widely used to help control machine position and speed. Typical encoder output, a series of quadrature signals, consists of two full square waves, offset by 90° in phase. The number of ...

Last year, Automation World examined the differences between accuracy, resolution, and precision in the encoder world. And while understanding the differences among these terms is important to ...

The electric motor is the fundamental building block of almost all robotic projects but, without some form of feedback, it lacks the precise positional control required for the task. Small servos from ...

Engineers using an incremental encoder for the first time often have a misunderstanding about what types of signals are provided by an encoder and how to interface an encoder to their application.

As you may have noticed, I’ve been working with an STM32 ARM CPU using Mbed. There was a time when Mbed was pretty simple, but a lot has changed since it has morphed into Mbed OS. Unfortunately, that ...

This simple stereo encoder circuit schematic is build with 2 IC MMC4066E and MMC4047 and one transistor BC547B. On IC1 2 and 3 pins is the audio output which is amplified by T1 (current amplification) ...